How Does Perception Affect The Organizational Process Education Essay

What is perceptual experiencePaul Rookes and Jane Willson explain perceptual experience and perceptual procedures in a manner that about anyone can understand. The survey of perceptual experience, or how the encephalon processes information from the senses, has fascinated psychologists and philosophers for a long clip. Perception takes the cardinal research countries and presents the statements and findings in a clear, concise signifier, enabling the reader to hold a speedy working cognition of the country. This clear and enlightening text discusses esthesis and perceptual experience so looks at theories and accounts of perceptual experience. The manner ocular perceptual experience is structured is examined, followed by an analysis of the development of perceptual procedures. The writers so see single societal and cultural fluctuations in perceptual organisation. Perception will be peculiarly utile to pupils new to higher-level survey. With its helpful text edition characteristics to help in scrutiny and larning techniques, it should involvement all introductory psychological science pupils. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.infibeam.com/Books/info/Paul-Rookes/Perception-Theory-Development-and-Organisation/0415190932.html # newUsedBooksPerceptDefinition from webPercept in psychological science, mental organisation and reading of centripetal information. TheA gestaltA psychologists studied extensively the ways in which people organize and select from the huge array of stimulation that are presented to them, concentrating peculiarly on ocular stimulation. Percept is influenced by a assortment of factors, including the strength and physical dimensions of the stimulation ; such activities of the sense organs as effects of predating stimulation ; the topic ‘s past experience ; attending factors such as preparedness to react to a stimulation ; and motive and emotional province of the topic. Stimulus elements in ocular organisation signifier perceived forms harmonizing to their closeness to each other, their similarity, the inclination for the topic to comprehen d complete figures, and the ability of the topic to separate of import figures from background. Perceptual stability is the inclination of a topic to construe one object in the same mode, irrespective of such fluctuations as distance, angle of sight, or brightness. Through selective attending, the topic focuses on a limited figure of stimulations, and ignores those that are considered less of import. Depth perceptual experience, considered to be innate in most animate beings, is produced by a assortment of ocular cues bespeaking position, and by a little disparity in the images of an object on the two retinas. An absolute threshold is the minimum physical strength of a stimulation that a topic can usually comprehend, whereas a difference threshold is the minimum sum of alteration in a stimulation that can be consciously detected by the topic. Recent surveies have shown that stimulations are really perceived in the encephalon, while centripetal variety meats simply gather the signals . William Dobelle ‘s research, for case, has offered important hope for the blind. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Perception+ ( psychological science ) Visting day of the month on this nexus is: 18-9-2010.PerceptPercept is the procedure of which we use to organisms interpret and organize esthesis to bring forth a meaningful and utile experience of the universe. Sensation normally refers to the immediate, comparatively unrefined consequence of stimulation of centripetal receptors in the eyes or ears, nose or lingua or tegument. Perception, on the other manus, better describes one ‘s ultimate experience of the universe and typically involves farther processing of centripetal input. In the existent term, esthesis and perceptual experience are virtually non possible to divide, because they are portion of one uninterrupted procedure. Therefore, perceptual experience in worlds describes the procedure whereby centripetal being to move is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint merchandise of the stimulation and of the procedure itself. Relations found between assorted types of stimulation and their associated percepts suggest illations that can be made about the belongingss of the perceptual procedure ; theories of comprehending so can be developed on the footing of these illations. The ground is that the perceptual procedure is non itself public or straight discernible ( except to the percipient himself, whose percepts are given straight in experience ) , the cogency of the perceptual theories can be checked merely indirectly. Historically, systematic idea about perceiving was the state of doctrine. Philosophic involvement in perceptual experience stems mostly from inquiries about the beginnings and cogency of what is called human cognition. Epistemologists ask whether a existent, physical universe exists independently of human experience and, if so, how its belongingss can be learned and how the truth or truth of that experience can be determined. They besides ask whether there are unconditioned thoughts or whether all experience originates through contact with the physical universe, mediated by the sense organs. As a scientific endeavor, nevertheless, the probe of perceptual experience has particularly developed as portion of the larger subject of psychological science. For the most portion, psychological science bypasses the inquiries about comprehending raised by doctrine in favour of jobs that can be handled by its particular methods. The leftovers of such philosophical inquiries, nevertheless, do remain ; research workers are still concerned, for illustration, with the comparative parts of innate and learned factors to the perceptual procedure. Such cardinal philosophical averments as the being of the physical universe, nevertheless, they are taken for granted among most scientific pupils of comprehending. Typically, research workers in perceptual experience merely accept the evident physical universe peculiarly as it is described in the given subdivisions of natural philosophies concerned with the electromagnetic energy and optics and mechanics.The Role of PerceptionAs we grow in our life and mature into what some would see the grownups, we are told to do the sure we know about our environment and do certain to â€Å" make unto others as you would hold done to you † . In order to make this, you have to hold a degree of perceptual experience in which you are able to see things in ways that others may or may non. How do you see perceptual experience? Harmonizing to Kendra Van Wagner ( UNK ) , â€Å" Percept is our centripetal experience of the universe around us and involves both the acknowledgment of environmental stimulations and actions in response to these stimulations. Through the perceptual procedure, we gain information about belongingss and elements of the environment that are critical to our in the universe endurance. Percept non merely creates our experience of the existent universe around us ; it allows us to move within our environment that is around us. † That being said, how does that use to mundane life and how does that impact the positions of those around you on you? The best manner to near this is easy to happen the most effectual ways to see perceptual experience. Three facets can change or act upon how things are viewed. One of them is the universe as a whole. What is meant to state that â€Å" the universe † is to state how the universe is viewed in existent, no affair what it is that you look in the universe. Everything has a their ain position and sentiment from everyone who sees it, from the hapless peoples and homeless peoples to the rich peoples. Every individual has an sentiment on why the homeless are stateless and why the rich are rich. What portion of the graduated table do you fall on? Are you the type that says that the homeless are stateless because of bad fortune and difficult times? Do you tilt the other manner and believe that the homeless are homeless because they are lazy and merit nil more than what they have? â€Å" Of the estimated 1.3 billion people populating in poorness around the universe, 70 per centum are adu lt females and misss. Womans and misss are besides increasing as fastest group of impoverished those are destroyed financially, this is a procedure we called â€Å" the planetary feminisation†¦Sensation V. PerceptOften confusion arises over the relationship between esthesis and perceptual experience. Behavioral theoreticians believe that persons interpret state of affairss based upon their senses and stimulation and that this was how they gained cognition of the universe. Persons use their centripetal variety meats to feel — for case, eyes to see, ears to hear, skin to experience, intrude to smell, and lingua to gustatory sensation. Therefore, esthesis is the basic behaviour of persons caused by their physiological maps. Percept, on the other manus, involves people ‘s assimilation of natural informations through their senses, after which they organize and modify the information with the aid of cognitive thought to organize a consistent image of the state of affairs. The perceptual procedure of persons base on ballss through several sub-processes. They are stimulus or state of affairs, enrollment, reading, feedback, behaviour, and effect. Stimulus or state of affairs is the first sub-process in the procedure of perceptual experience. Here people are confronted with an external or internal stimulation. As a consequence, they might see an immediate animal stimulation or the confrontation may take topographic point with the full physical and socio-cultural environment. In Registration, the persons record in their heads the stimulation they have received from the environment. Physiological mechanisms such as hearing, hearing, etc. play an active function in the perceptual experience of persons. During Interpretation, people analyze the stimulation they have received. It is a cognitive procedure that is influenced by larning, motive, and personality. Feedback is the response persons receive from the stimulation i.e. environmental state of affairss. Feedback has an impact on the perceptual experience of persons. For case, if employees receive grasp from the director for their work, so they perceive that the director is satisfied with their public presentation. Registration, reading, and feedback occur within a individual and are in response to a given stimulation from the external environment. These sub-processes lead to a certain behaviour by the person, which once more leads to a certain effect.How Does Perception Affect The Organizational Process?Percept affects the things we experience in our day-to-day lives excessively so of class it has an impact on the organisational procedure besides. Percept is fundamentally what the peoples think of something, person, a state of affairs etc. Our thought might be our believing ain or it might be the consequence of what person else thinks of a peculiar state of affairs in a peculiar clip. The ground of the perceptual experience affects the organisational procedure is because if the employees can non comprehend the given end or the purpose of the organisation decently so they might non be working towards it and if they are non working towards it so that organisation faces a spread between what is required of the people and what is really being done by them. I hope you have heard of the about the â€Å" alteration procedure † that happens often in organisations. If suppose that procedure is being implemented so it ‘s really of import for the employees to cognize what the organisation is traveling to travel through and what is traveling to go on after the procedure of the given state of affairs. If their perceptual experience is non clear about it so they might defy the alteration a batch which is n't good for the company. The employees perceptual experience can assist the company ‘s organisational procedure run smoother or go hard in a clip.Article Abstraction:Learning organisation construct is defined and the transformational procedures involved are explored. The four stairss of organisational acquisition rhythm, information coevals, integrating, reading, and action are studied.ARTICLEABSTRACT:A learning organisation is one that invariably improves through the rapid development and sweetening of capablenesss required for success in the hereafter. Companies trying to go continual scholars should travel beyond merely developing and developing employees. Learning should be incorporated into every activity of the organisation to supply the best merchandises to its clients. The typical acquisition organisation has five elements: a leader with a chiseled vision, a elaborate and quantifiable action program, the speedy distribution of information, ingeniousness, and the ability to implement the program. Examples of companies that can be considered learning organisations include Corning Inc. , Analog Devices Inc. , Boeing Co. and Lear Seating Corp. A Learning Organization Quiz that can be used to determine whether a company is a learning organisation is provided.LearningLearning is a procedure of lasting alteration in a behaviour through experience, direction or with survey. Learning can non be measured it ‘s the procedure of acquiring better end product through acquisition. So we can state that ac quisition is a lasting alteration in a behaviour of persons. â€Å" The different course of study criterions reveal a common the spirit. Over and over once more these professional organisations Reprimand traditional theoretical accounts of instruction for stressing memorisation, and condemn their push to cover content at the disbursal of deep conceptual apprehension. Alternatively, the studies respect acquisition as the active, purposive building of significance. All emphasize in-depth acquisition ; larning oriented to job resolution and determination devising ; larning embedded in real-life undertakings and activities for thought and communication, and larning that physiques on pupils ‘ anterior cognition and experiences. Execution of the new criterions in schools would assist to develop pupils who are successful learners-learners who are knowing, self-determined, strategic, and empathic. By concentrating on nucleus constructs and handling them in deepness, pupils get a steadfast conceptual base for forming the content they learn into coherent cognition constructions. By stressing the connexion to their ain experiences and attitudes, the guidelines, when implemented, would formalize pupils ‘ experiences and enable them to go competent ‘knowledge workers ‘ in the assorted subjects. By unifying procedure and content, pupils learn the schemes they need to get, bring forth, usage, and communicate cognition. And, eventually, by looking at the capable countries from multiple personal, cultural, and historical positions, pupils develop empathy for the experiences, feelings, and universe positions of others. The new definition of larning can function as the model for reconstituting a course of study. By utilizing a new school-based definition of acquisition, drawn from the research-based definition of acquisition, all members of a school community and its broader community can develop a common linguistic communication for course of study reform. Sharing this linguistic communication will assist construct a community of persons who have a common model for curricular reform. They will hold a footing for rethinking, as a community, the content and purpose of the course of study. In add-on, all professionals in the school will come to see that the reforms in their ain subjects — whether it be linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, mathematics, scientific discipline, or societal surveies — have a common footing, since all reforms are guided by a common research base and conceptual model for larning. Therefore, they can do curricular alterations as a community, and they besides can hold common land for interdisciplinary attempts. The features of a thought course of study will go portion of the school mission that the school as a whole and its community formulate in coaction. † Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/science/sc4anew.htmIntroduction: –AA Learning OrganizationA is the term given to a company that facilitates the acquisition of its members and continuously transforms itself. Learning Organizations develop as a consequence of the force per unit areas confronting modern organisations and enables them to stay competitory in the concern environment. A Learning Organization has five chief characteristics ; systems thought, personal command, mental theoretical accounts, shared vision and squad acquisition Learning organisations are organisations where people continually expand their capacity to make the consequences they genuinely desire, where new and expansive forms of thought are nurtured, where corporate aspiration is set free, and where people are continually larning to see the whole together. ( Senge 1990: 3 ) The Learning Company is a vision of what might be possible. It is non brought approximately merely by developing persons ; it can merely go on as a consequence of acquisition at the whole organisation degree. Learning Company is an organisation that facilitates the acquisition of all its members and continuously transforms itself. ( Peddler et. Al. 1991: 1 ) Learning organisations are characterized by entire employee engagement in a procedure of collaboratively conducted, jointly accountable alteration directed towards shared values or rules. ( Watkins and Mar ill 1992: 118 )Learning OrganizationLearning is the power of growing, and single acquisition is the resource of concern growing. Based on the organisation metaphor in organisation theory, Sense ( 1990 ) introduced larning organisation theory. The academic definition of the learning organisation covers single, group, and organisational acquisition with the attempt for organisational and single acquisition. It is a type of corporate activity to make the organisation ‘s shared vision. Many books have been published about the learning organisation and many research documents have presented the impact of assorted variables on larning organisations. Four types of organisational civilizations: – Competitive Culture in a organisation Learning Culture in a organisation Bureaucratic Culture in a organisation Participative Culture in a organisationThe Conceptual FrameworkOrganizational Culture Learning Organizationaˆ? Bureaucratic Culture aˆ? Personal Mastery aˆ? Competitive Culture aˆ? Mental Models aˆ? Participative Culture aˆ? Shared Vision aˆ? Learning Culture aˆ? Systemic Thinking aˆ? Team Learning Bureaucratic civilization ; – that type of civilization of organisational civilization characterized by low environmental version and low internal integrating. Competitive civilization: – A type of organisational where civilization characterized by high Environmental version and low internal integrating. There is a competition between the organisations environment adaptation is high and low internal integrating. Participative civilization: – A type of organisational civilization characterized by low Environmental version and high internal integrating. Learning civilization: – A type of organisational civilization characterized by high environment adaptation and high internal integrating. Emergence of Learning Organizations The new species and engineering of organisations is called a acquisition organisation, and it increase the capableness to: The act in a clip adapt more readily to environmental impacts. Move faster to the development of new merchandises, procedures, and services. Become more adept at larning from rivals and confederates with the aid of practical accomplishments SpeedA up the advancement of the transportation of cognition from one portion of the organisation to another portion of the organisation. Learn more efficaciously from its errors in a learning organisation. Make greater organisational usage of employees at the all degrees of the organisation. Short clip of period required to implement strategic alterations. To develop uninterrupted betterment in all countries of the organisation. Organizations that learn More rapidly will be able to accommodate accomplished quickly and without hold and thereby accomplish important strategic advantages. There are four major countries, which have changed deeply over the last old ages: 1. Economic environment, societal environment and scientific environment. Globalization. Economic and marketing competition of organisations. Environmental stop ecological force per unit areas of organisations. new scientific disciplines of The subdivision of natural philosophies based on quantumA theory and pandemonium theory ( understanding of quantum natural philosophies means that one can non foretell with absolute certainty, that pandemonium is a portion of the world ) Knowledge of the today ‘s environment ( cognition that exists in an organisation is the amount of everything and everybody in your company knows that gives you a competitory border. The greatest challenge is to make an organisation that can redistribute its cognition. ) Social Instability in the workplace environment Information engineering and the in unformatted organisation ( Unformatted organisations are able to instantly get information that can be used to acquire a occupation done, bring forth new information as a byproduct, and develop new information ) Structure of organisation and size of organisation: Key resource of the concern is non capital, or forces, or installations, but instead cognition, and information, and thoughts. Another signifier of restructuring is a practical organisation, a impermanent web of independent companies, providers, clients, and even challengers linked by information engineering to portion their accomplishments, costs, and entree to one another ‘s markets. Three other emerging direction theories deriving popularity is reengineering nucleus competences and organisational architecture. Quality direction motion ( Competitive advantage comes from the uninterrupted, incremental invention and polish of a assortment of thoughts that spread throughout the organisation. Workforce diverseness and mobility Boom in impermanent aid 3. The client outlooks ( cost, quality, clip, service, invention, and customization ) 4. Workers ( Those who make steady advancement will hold job identifier accomplishments, job work outing accomplishments and strategic agent accomplishments. Corporations depend on the specialised cognition of their employees. Knowledge workers do, in fact, own the agencies of production and they can take it out of the door with them at any minute. ) The Systems-Lined Organization Model A consistently define larning organisation is an organisation which learns strongly and jointly and is continually transforming itself to better roll up, manage, and usage cognition for corporate success. It empowers people within and outside the company to larn as they work. Organizational larning refers to how organisational acquisition occurs, the accomplishments and procedures of edifice and utilizing cognition. There are a figure of dimensions of a learning organisation: Learning is accomplished by the organizational system as a whole. Organizational members recognise the importance of ongoing administration broad acquisition. Learning is a uninterrupted, strategically used procedure – integrated with and running parallel to work. There is a focal point on creativeness and productive acquisition. Systems believing is cardinal Peoples have uninterrupted entree to information and information resources. A corporate clime exists that encourages, wagess, and accelerates single and group acquisition. Workers web indoors and outside the administration. Change is embraced, and surprises and even failures are viewed as chances to larn. It is nimble and flexible. Everyone is driven by a desire for quality and uninterrupted betterment. Activities are characterised by aspiration, contemplation, and conceptualization. There are well-developed nucleus competences that serve as a taking-off point for new merchandises and services. It possesses the ability to continuously accommodate, regenerate, and revitalize itself in response to the altering environment. The systems-linked acquisition organisation theoretical account is made up of five closely interconnected subsystems: acquisition, organisation, people, cognition, and engineering. If any subsystem is weak or absent, the effectivity of the other subsystems is significantly weakened. Marquardt discusses each of the subsystems in their ain chapters so I wo n't travel into the inside informations here. Constructing Dynamic Learning through the Organization The acquisition subsystem is composed of three complementary dimensions: 1. Degrees of acquisition ( single, group and organizational ) 2. Types of acquisition ( adaptative acquisition, anticipatory acquisition, deuteron acquisition and active acquisition ) 3. Critical organisational acquisition accomplishments ( systems believing, mental theoretical accounts, personal command, squad acquisition, shared vision, and duologue ) Learning, finally, is a societal phenomenon – our ability to larn and the quality and openness of our relationships find what we can cognize. Our mental theoretical accounts of the universe and of ourselves grow out of our relationships with others. Degrees Learning in organisations can happen at three degrees. Individual acquisition is needed since persons form the units of groups and organisations, or as Senge asserts â€Å" organisations learn merely through persons who learn † . The factors that can lend to single acquisition in the organisation include: Individual and corporate answerability for larning Locus and focal point of single acquisition ( larning should hold immediate application to the occupation. ) Accelerated larning techniques. Personal development program ( people recognize that employers can non vouch them womb-to-tomb employment but that they can help them in accomplishing womb-to-tomb employability. There should be a partnership between the organisation and the employee to help in the long-run calling Development. ) Abundant chances available for professional development Individual acquisition linked to organisational acquisition in an explicit and structured manner. Group/team acquisition means that work squads must be able to believe and make and larn as an entity. They must larn how to break create and gaining control acquisition ( larning to larn ) . A successful squad larning system ensures that squads portion their experiences with other groups in the organisation. Team acquisition will happen more to the full if squads are rewarded for the acquisition they contribute to the organisation. Marquardt uses Watkins and Mar sick ‘s squad acquisition theoretical account that shows the larning organisation as the brotherhood of persons and organisation. The key is the convergence, Which is where teams map? Discipline of Team Learning The subject of squad acquisition begins with duologue that allows the members to suspend their premises, engage in free-flowing communicating to detect penetrations non come-at-able separately, and acknowledge the forms of interaction in squads that undermine larning. Forms of defensiveness frequently are profoundly engrained in squad operations. Unrecognized or unacknowledged forms undermine acquisition, but if they are recognized and allowed to come up creatively, they can speed up acquisition. Types There are four types in which organisations learn: 1. Adaptive acquisition occurs when an person or organisation learns from experience and contemplation: action? Outcome? consequences day of the month? Reflection. Adaptive acquisition may be either single-loop ( focused on deriving information to stabilise and keep bing systems ) or dual cringle ( oppugning the system itself and why the mistakes or successes occurred in the first topographic point ) . 2. Anticipatory larning arises when an organisation learns from anticipating the hereafter: vision? Reflection? action attack. 3. Deuteron acquisition occurs when the organisation learns from critically reflecting upon its taken for given premises. 4. Active larning involves ( a group/team ) working on existent jobs, concentrating on the acquisition acquired, and really implementing solutions. Skills Marquardt has added Dialogue to the five critical organizational acquisition accomplishments identified by Peter Senge: 1. Systems thought: â€Å" A model for seeing interrelatednesss instead than additive cause-effect ironss, for seeing implicit in constructions instead than events, for seeing forms of alteration instead than snapshots. † Changes in one portion of the organisation can impact other parts with surprising effects. 2. Mental theoretical accounts: An image or position of an event, state of affairs, activity or construct 3. Personal command: A particular degree of proficiency that is committed to continually better and hone accomplishments, a subject of continually clear uping and intensifying one ‘s personal vision, energies, and forbearance. 4. Team acquisition: The procedure of alining and developing the capacity of a squad to make the acquisition and consequences that its members seek. The squad involved must larn to tap the potency of many heads to go more intelligent than one head. 5. Shared vision: Provides a focal point, way and energy for the members of an organisation. And acquisition is a manner of endeavoring to carry through that vision. 6. Dialogue: promotes roll uping thought and communicating. Top 10 schemes to construct larning subsystems: 1. Develop action larning plans throughout the organisation ( clip and attempt! ) 2. Increase persons ‘ ability to larn how to larn 3. Develop the subject of duologue in the organisation 4. Develop calling development programs for employability 5. Establish self-development hard currency plans 6. Construct team-learning accomplishments 7. Encourage and pattern systems believing 8. Use scanning and scenario planning for anticipatory acquisition 9. Encourage/Expand diverseness, multicultural and planetary mentalities and propensities 10. Change the mental theoretical account relation to larning ( most people retain a negative image of acquisition, one acquired in their school yearss ) .

Homeschooling Your Child Essay

In America today many parents feel that public or private schools are not doing an adequate job of teaching their children. A lot of people feel that our public schools are focusing too heavily on standardized testing and the curriculum is reflecting test taking skills. The homework   load often becomes too much for the student and takes away from family time- in some cases taking four or more hours a night to complete. In many instances the curriculum moves too fast or too slow and the child becomes bored and less attentive or simply gets lost in the coursework. In a classroom with thirty children a single teacher cannot cater to the needs of every single child and this leaves many lost. Some children are very bright and intelligent but they need one on one teaching to learn and reach their full potential. And some choose not to put their children in public schools because it does not offer a religion based curriculum- something that is very important for some families. Lastly children in public schools also come into contact with negative peer pressure such as drugs and violence and in some instances gun violence takes place in schools. By choosing to educate your child at home you can give your child the opportunity for a better education suited to your child’s individual needs. Reasons that drive parents to homeschooling their children include: too much homework, not enough family time, a curriculum based on standardized testing, negative peer pressure including violence and drugs, and the absence of religion in schools. By homeschooling your child you can control the curriculum and you can choose to include religion in the curriculum and the negative peer pressure from fellow students is not there. In order for children to learn they must be put into the correct setting. â€Å"Securing a sage place free of drugs, gun violence, and negative peer pressure were all factors which turned families toward homeschooling.† (Wichers, 2001, p. 145) Homeschooling Your Child In America today many parents feel that public or private schools are not doing an adequate job of teaching their children. A lot of people feel that our public schools are focusing too heavily on standardized testing and the curriculum is reflecting test taking skills. The homework   load often becomes too much for the student and takes away from family time- in some cases taking four or more hours a night to complete. In many instances the curriculum moves too fast or too slow and the child becomes bored and less attentive or simply gets lost in the coursework. In a classroom with thirty children a single teacher cannot cater to the needs of every single child and this leaves many lost. Some children are very bright and intelligent but they need one on one teaching to learn and reach their full potential. And some choose not to put their children in public schools because it does not offer a religion based curriculum- something that is very important for some families. Lastly children in public schools also come into contact with negative peer pressure such as drugs and violence and in some instances gun violence takes place in schools. This topic is important to me because I feel that one day when I have children homeschooling may be an option for them. With the way things are headed now and the things that go on in our public schools I may feel it is best to teach my children myself when I have them. This topic is relevant to many others because of the same reasons and homeschooling is becoming more popular in America with every year. In today’s society there are a lot of people in America that are searching for alternative methods of educating their children and homeschooling can be a great choice. A few reasons that drive parents to homeschooling their children include:   environmental concerns, such as safety, drugs, and negative peer pressure,desire to provide religious or moral instruction, dissatisfaction with academics at other schools, child’s physical and mental health problems, child’s other special needs, and other reasons, including the child’s choice, flexibility, and greater parental control over education. (Abbott, 2006, p. 49) Some families also face too much homework, not enough family time, and a curriculum based on standardized testing when they have children enrolled in the public school system. Children with disabilities and children who demand a more attentive teacher with one on one teaching are great candidates for homeschooling. I also feel disappointed in the fact that our schools no longer involve religion- not even a simple morning prayer. It is to the point where teachers are reprimanded for mentioning religion of any kind. My faith is very important to me and I would like it if faith based instruction was an everyday part of my child’s education. When I think of the future and what my children may encounter on a daily basis at their school I always think of homeschooling if our public school systems get bad enough. When I hear about the violence and drugs that my future children may encounter while at school I consider homeschooling a great option for my future family. Homeschooling can become a good choice for parents who are tired of the test taking based curriculum and the extreme amount of homework that is required of their children. By choosing to home school, the parent and student can decide on a curriculum that best suites the child and that isn’t based on passing one test at the end of that school year. Another plus side to choosing the curriculum is that parents can choose to teach a faith based curriculum and implement religion classes into the coursework. If a child is getting their education at home usually it will involve much less homework and   the child’s spare time can be spent on extra-curricular activities- something that students often feel they don’t have enough time for. Being homeschooled also gives the student and parents more family time because there’s less homework to be done in the evening. Another reason why parents choose homeschooling is because of the violent and drug filled atmosphere in most public middle and secondary schools. Students encounter negative peer pressure while at school and this can lead to drug or alcohol abuse and violent or rebellious behavior. In an atmosphere such as this a child is not given the best opportunity to succeed and sometimes this is enough to convince parents that in home education is best for their child or children. I can’t think of any parents that I know who would want to send their children to a school filled with drugs and violence and that is not a suitable learning environment. Parents know what is best for their child and know how to create the best environment suitable for their child to learn. In homeschooling, parents can give their children more choice and control in their curriculum while teaching them one on one. If a parent decides to home school their child, that child will have the opportunity to advance at their own pace. Children who are homeschooled often learn at a faster pace because they are being taught one on one usually by a parent. By allowing a child to accelerate at a faster pace the child will not become bored with the content taught and will remain focused and interested in the material being taught. Although many Americans are still skeptical of homeschooling there are many advantages to homeschooling your child. Studies have shown that children who are homeschooled tend to score higher on standardized tests such as advanced placement exams, the ACT, and the SAT than do public schooled children. (McReynolds, 2007) It is also shown that children who are homeschooled attend college at higher rates and are in many cases recruited by universities. (Romanowski, 2006, p. 127) Many prestigious schools such as, â€Å"Brown, Georgetown, Harvard, MIT, Princeton, the United States Military Academy at West Point, UC at Berkeley, University of Michigan, Notre Dame, and Yale† are all universities that accept freshman who have been homeschooled and in some cases recruit students who have mostly been homeschooled. (Romanowski, 2006, p. 127) It is just as easy if not easier for homeschooled children to enter into college. It is reported that children who are educated at home usually score about 15% higher on standardized tests than do publicly schooled children. (Wilhelm, 2009) In the year 2005, students who were homeschooled averaged scores of 22.5 while students educated in public schools averaged a 20.9 score. (Abbott, 2006, p. 50) By choosing to educate your child at home you can give your child the opportunity for a better education suited to your child’s individual needs. Reasons that drive parents to homeschooling their children include: too much homework, not enough family time, a curriculum based on standardized testing, negative peer pressure including violence and drugs, and the absence of religion in schools. By homeschooling your child you can control the curriculum and you can choose to include religion in the curriculum and the negative peer pressure from fellow students is not there. In order for children to learn they must be put into the correct setting. â€Å"Securing a sage place free of drugs, gun violence, and negative peer pressure were all factors which turned families toward homeschooling.† (Wichers, 2001, p. 145) References Abbott, M., & Miller, J. (2006). What you need to learn about homeschooling.  Contemporary Pediatrics,  23(11), 48. Retrieved from CINAHL with Full Text database.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the article titled, â€Å"What you Need to Learn About Homeschooling†, Myles Abbott and Jennifer Miller explore many common reasons why parents choose homeschooling their children over traditional public schools. Abbott and Miller also studied the different

Conflicting Perspectives Essay

â€Å"An important outcome of studying this elective is the realisation that all representations of perspectives are designed to provoke an intended response. † To what extent does this statement relate to your study of at least one of Hughes’ poems and one related text of your own choosing? In some texts authors have the intention to evoke a personal understanding in the audience. However, the personal experience varies between each individual creating conflicting ways in response to a text. These responses to the messages from the authors are shaped through personal experience and values of the individual. The notion of conflict within perspectives is evident in â€Å"Birthday Letters† by Ted Hughes especially in the poems â€Å"Fulbright Scholars† and â€Å"Sam† as well as in Michel Gondry’s film â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. † The conflict within memory and connections leads to a representation of their conflict in perspectives. The nature and strength of memories is to some extent subjective in relation to events, situations and people. Hughes proves this idea of selective memory through the use of rhetorical questions asked in his first poem Fulbright Scholars such as â€Å"where was it, in the Strand? † and â€Å"was it when I bought a peach? These questions are evidence of his disordered memory. Hughes perspective of Plath is somewhat subjective as he remembers vague details of particular moments and her â€Å"Veronica Lake bangs. † In his second poem â€Å"Sam† depicts the same events as Plath’s poem â€Å"Whiteness I remember† but showing his conflicting interpretation of Plath’s memory. The two poems prove conflicting ideas through the tempo of the first paragraphs and Hughes ongoing use of caesura. Although Plath interprets the event to be a â€Å"great run† and â€Å"high as the roofs† conflicting this idea Hughes describes it as dangerous and Plath having â€Å"lost (her) stirrups. The text â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind† proves memory to be a selective sense; the character Joel displays merely a memory of selective moments, objects and feelings of his past relationship with Clementine. The key motifs are birthday presents and certain outings. The fallibility of memory can lead the distortion of connections between memory and reality. The author intends to create a particular emotional response to the text that is represented through a connection between the audience and their perspective of the text. The connection between the perspectives in â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind† show the author is being balanced and unbiased. The perspectives of both the character is shown equally to the audience, forcing and internal response in each individual. In â€Å"Fulbright Scholars† Hughes repetitively uses â€Å"you† to simultaneously speak to Plath as well as the audience, to create a more intimate connection with the text. This continues into his next poem â€Å"Sam† alongside alliteration and assonance in the line â€Å"horribly hard, swift river† increasing the intensity for the audience. In the final stanza Hughes personifies Sam as himself, and positions the audience as Plath. In the line â€Å"you strangled me† he uses accusatory language to gain an emotional response and connection from his audience, which relates back to the publics perceptions of him during this time. It is clear that all authors create their texts to gain a reflection the audience towards the text. Each text is a representation of the author’s perspective response to their memory, creating an emotional connection to their audience, which provokes an internal response. The connections made are used to intensify a reaction within each individual.

Analysis of Space Exploration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Analysis of Space Exploration - Essay Example The government and NASA have conspired to brainwash the ordinary person with these images, with the aim of grossly exaggerating the budgetary allocations assigned to NASA in every financial year. The statement put across here is that success in space exploration can only be achieved through government funding by employing billions of dollars to fund NASA’s space exploration operations. This statement is a fraud that the government and NASA would have us believes to be the only strategy of achieving success in space exploration programs. NASA would have us believe that extravagant expenditures are the only way of reaching an advanced technological breakthrough in space exploration. However, this is not true, because space technology can be easily equated to an expensive toy, which is flashy and exciting while new but irrelevant and outdated once it has outlived its uses when newer and more exciting toys hit the market shelves. Although government funding is necessary for space exploration, it does not necessarily mean that the funding has to be stretched to billions of dollars begotten from the public coughers. Space exploration may be expensive, but this does not necessarily mean that NASA should ask for exorbitant finances from the government for their space operations. This is because expensive technology does not essentially translate to operation success, but rather a chance at innovation to develop simple, efficient, and cost friendly space technologies. NASA should not, therefore, employ the ‘sledgehamme r’ approach to space technology, where they employ the sophisticated technology card to every challenge faced by the program. Instead, the government should provide limited funding, which is centered upon responsible spending and efficiency of space exploration technology.  Ã‚  

What are the strengths and weaknesses of general equilibrium as an Essay

What are the strengths and weaknesses of general equilibrium as an organising concept - Essay Example Firstly the concept of general equilibrium takes into count the entire economy or the holistic economy to reflect its true nature. In regards to the entire or whole economy the general equilibrium attempts to evaluate the demand, supply, and price parameters. The second proposition upon which the theory of general equilibrium rests concerns the markets operating in an economy. In that the theory of general equilibrium in sharp contrast to partial equilibrium endeavours to understand the equilibrium in relation to large number of interactive markets (Balasko, 2011, p.124). Thus where in case of partial equilibrium the price structure prevailing in the economy is studied in regards to a single market the case for general equilibrium on the contrary evaluates the same in regards to large number of markets. The third proposition held by the general equilibrium theory holds that a uniform group of prices prevail in regards to the large number of interactive markets. The price set evaluate d in regards to the whole economy is considered to be the main factor that generates equilibrium for the general equilibrium model. In the general equilibrium model the prices held are generally held to be long-term ones and thus the realistic price structure is taken to be a deviation from the equilibrium price structure in case of general equilibrium (Starr, 2011, p.3-4). ... In the modern theory pertaining to value the theory takes into account certain important propositions. The first proposition is concerned in regards to differentiation of the products in regards to the different localities to where such products are delivered by the producers or manufacturers. The second proposition holds that different products are differentiated based on the time or periods in which they are distributed to the different localities. In the third case the proposition held is in regards to the different contracts which decide both the time and place of transfer of products from one owner to another. The three propositions can be combined to form the new general equilibrium model propounded by the modern economists (Ginsburgh and Keyzer, 2002, p.3-4). General Equilibrium as a concept propounded by economist Leon Walras thus tends to avoid a chaotic situation in an economy and in contrast helps the economy to form a balancing position. In that Walras tends to find a har mony behind the different economic agents to help the economy attain the required uniformity. The harmony behind the different economic agents can be derived on the basis of a suitable interdependence which would help in blending the different economic factors to one another. Further the general equilibrium model also proceeds in finding out different price sets that would in turn trigger the economy to find a situation of stability for itself (Krauss and Johnson, 2006, p.14). Observation shows that such harmonious or uniform position gets dismantled if the economic agents working in an economy fail to attain the required resources or commodities that would help them to attain or sustain the due stability. Hence optimum level of active resources is required to be

Havisham Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Havisham - Assignment Example Her beautiful mansion of love collapsed and that betrayal led her to make some desperate decisions. When the news struck her like a lightning that her man was gone forever from her life she was wearing only one shoe, and she continued to remain in that condition. She wished to conquer time in her own style by stopping all the clocks in Satis House at twenty minutes to nine, and that was the moment when she received the news of treachery of Compeyson. She literally turned mad and yearned for vendetta. Her adoption of Estella was not an act of love, not to recoup her original mental poise, but to seek revenge on men. She imparted her training to break men’s hearts. She was raised as a weapon, a destructive tool. She failed to grasp the essence of life that in societal terms one lived not only for self but for the sake of near and dear ones in the family and well-wishers. All noble thoughts and ethical standards were swept under the carpet by her in the pursuit of destructivity. She failed to appreciate the intensity of hurt that she was causing to Pip and Estella. Havisham discounts the possibility that there is always scope for advancement in life, notwithstanding the cruel stroke of destiny. One incident, good or bad, does not constitute life. Trials and tribulations are part of life and the world cannot run on happiness alone. With a rigid approach, she shuns societal contacts and prefers self-imposed prison of solitude and speaks in the words of condemnation about the man who betrays her and men in general. Her condition evokes deep sympathy. Words generate from her tongue like the blows of hammer. Havisham has suppressed the tender feelings of love and her heart is filled with poisonous thoughts of negativities. But, after all, she is a woman and her sexual feelings torment her, sadism overtakes her and she lashes out at the male fraternity, Miss Havisham is certainly not responsible for her own misery. The

Automotive Production Levels - Toyota Motors Research Paper

Automotive Production Levels - Toyota Motors - Research Paper Example In the first quarter of financial year 2013, Toyota’s unit sales had jumped to 2,268,563 units amounting to sales revenue of 5,233,688 million yen. Consolidated sales increased by 85.7% in fiscal year 2013 compared to fiscal year 2012 and net revenues increased by 59.9%. These changes are indicative of a change in either Toyota’s price structure or the demand and supply forces in the market. Among other things, these changes can also be attributed to changes in the value of the yen and cost reduction measures taken by Toyota to stay afloat and efficient. Market price also plays a role here and can be calculated using a simple relationship between sales revenue and units sold. (Market price = Sales Revenue/Units Sold. According to the data presented, the price for Toyota’s products in the market in fiscal year 2012 based on the unit sales and sales revenue figures for that year can be calculated to be 2.59 million yen. For fiscal year 2013, this amounted to 2.31 m illion yen. The demand curve for a firm shows how much of a product the market is willing and able to pay for at the given price. The supply curve of a firm shows how much of a product the firm is willing and able to produce at the given. ... product is increased, demand tends to decrease and when the product price is decreased, demand tends to increase, hence establishing an inverse relationship between demand and price levels. Similarly, it can be seen from this analysis, that the aggregate market price for Toyota’s products was decreased in fiscal year 2013 which resulted in an increase in sales which depicts an increase in the demand for Toyota in the market. In the same vein, when the supply of a product is increased, its price decreases and if the supply levels in the market are decreased, the product’s price in the market increases. The equilibrium point thus keeps shifting with changes in demand and supply due to different market factors. Also relevant is the concept of spatial equilibrium (Nagurney, 2002) which speaks about how supply and demand prices result in trade flows. The figure below illustrates the aggregate demand and supply schedule for FY 2012 and 2013. Price (million Yen) 2.59(2012) 2.3 1(2013) 1,221,374 2,268,563 Quantity (units) Demand FY 2012 Supply FY 2012 Demand FY 2013 Supply FY 2013 The world economy has been going through rough times and its basic structure has been forever changed since the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Market trends have also significantly changed since then even though the market has recently picked up for the better. Toyota’s performance, measured by its sales, production, revenue and cost figures etc declined steadily in the fiscal years 2011 and 2012, however it increased its performance dramatically in fiscal year 2013 and picked up fast pace to increase its sales, production and profit levels and overall revenue levels. It also managed to decrease its production cost and reduce market price to boost its demand in the market. These maneuvers paid

Management in Robin Hood band Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management in Robin Hood band - Essay Example He selected four lieutenants, where one was placed in charge of intelligence and scouting, the other one responsible for maintain discipline among the members of the band, the third one entrusted with the role of managing the finances of the band and the last lieutenant authorized to undertake the provisioning of the ever increasing band. The purpose/value statement of the band was â€Å"Rob the rich and give to the poor† (Lampel, 1). However, the band did not live up to its mission and eventually wanted to change from confiscating of goods to start taxing the people. This was a point of failure, since the band lost its purpose and mission, a fact that served to weaken its fight against the Sherriff. The key stakeholders were the members of the band, the enemy who was the Sherriff, the political allies and friends of the Sherriff, the rich merchants and traders and the not so well-up village people. Each of the stakeholders had their expectations. The band members expected to defeat the Sherriff, the village people expected their interests to be fought for by the band, the Sherriff expected to defeat the band and the allies of the Sherriff expected to remain in power. ... le, when the leader suggested the taxation of the people in order to make enough finances to fund the bands operation, the band members opposed to the taxation of the people, whom they considered their allies. The threats to the band were the decline in the sources of supplies for their food and finances, as well as the increased growth in strength of their enemy, the Sherriff. The opportunities open to the band was its collaboration with the barons who were against Prince John, a conspiracy that would earn the band future amnesty. The key issues arising from the analysis is the inappropriateness of the leadership style applied by the bandleader. A one-man leadership style did not seem to work, especially as the number of the band grew to enormous. Lack of commitment to the mission and purpose of the band is yet another issue. Another issue is that the band lacked a plan and a projection of the future growth crisis of the band, as well as the decline in their financial and food resou rces. The underlying question for the bands organization then becomes, can the band overcome all the challenges facing it and stay committed to its course of fighting the Sherriff? Applying the five-factor model on the management of the band, there is a perceived fulfillment of the requirements of some elements of the model. For example, there is a high degree of sociability in the bands management, a high level of thoughtfulness as indicated by the deep thinking portrayed by the bands leader, emotional instability and anxiety is also present, as demonstrated by the anxiety that the leader has. Openness is yet another trait portrayed by the leader of the band, in terms of his imagination and insights (Lampel, 2). However, one element, as required by the five-factor model is missing in the

Strategic asset management plan University of glamorgan Essay

Strategic asset management plan University of glamorgan - Essay Example The University of Glamorgan is totally committed towards providing a high class learning environment to include e-learning, tutor facilitation and employment of cutting edge learning facilities to enable the students to benefit academically and socially. Thus it is felt that prospective employers should be eager to acquire the skills which have been developed in students by an intense and stimulating academic programme. This should also create an aspiration for growth and success in the students. These are no doubt laudable strategic objectives for any learning institution which deem to foster growth of the establishment with a view to benefit its primary stake holder, the student. The twin perspectives of providing employment in the immediate time frame on leaving the establishment and creating an urge for sustained personal and professional growth in the students are also laudable. A Strategic Asset Management plan flows from the priorities set by the University for sustained devel opment. The strategic priorities of Glamorgan University have been summarized as follows:- Enhance the overall nature and quality of student experience Improve the quality of student intake. A high grade research and consultancy profile should be developed and post graduate activity should be expanded. Infra structure should be improved. People based quality improvements should be undertaken. Contribute to the regional as well as the strategic partnership agenda. Contribute to Glamorgan's equal opportunities and social inclusion agenda. Provide an international profile to Glamorgan's reputation. Provide a favorable e-world information and communications development programme. (Strategy: 2006). An analysis of the strategic objectives of the University will reveal that assets form an important facet for its attainment. While some of the aims as improvement of infra structure are primary to development of assets, others such as improving the quality of intake and enriching experience of students will to a large extent be dependent on the ability of the University to have a much sought after ambience of learning. The overall goals of contribution to the larger community in Wales are also dependent on contribution to the environment at large. While maintaining an international

Real Learning Takes Place Through Experiance Essay Example for Free

Real Learning Takes Place Through Experiance Essay â€Å"Not all learning takes place in the classroom. All knowledge should not obtain from class because subject only taught by a teacher. But some lessons, which are pertaining to life, only will demonstrate by personal experiences. Every person should be learning more from real life than class room. I think real life is the best example for learning and obtaining knowledge. This is supported by various reasons. Learning takes place not only in the classroom but also in our everyday lives. This is because to learn does not mean just to gain academic knowledge. Rather, learning refers to acquisition of any kind of knowledge that can give us instructions on how we should behave. Information that we get in the classroom is, without any doubt, useful and proven and it can broaden our mind. However, school years are relatively short in terms of a life span, and, therefore, there are a lot more things that can be attained outside classroom and that are equally valuable. First of all, Personal experience is essential for obtaining indelible knowledge. For instance, in an early age the teacher would teach about animals. Is it gives sufficient knowledge for children? No, it does not. When teachers will take them in to the zoo and explain about those animals, they never forget that information. This is one type of personal experience. Which knowledge have gotten by personal experience, it will be never loss. Second, the relationship among the people as well as friendship values is not taught by teachers in the classroom. Those relationships have known only by personal experience. Further, the young age person do not realise about money value. The same person should know about money value while he starts earning of money. Finally, sometimes a new technology and new things were discovered by personal experience but not classroom knowledge. For instance, today’s popular phone was discovered by Alexander graham bell. It was discovered by accidently but not part of an educational research. Today, various popular technologies and things also discovered from their real life. In conclusion, the illiterate persons also can maintain different business successfully using their personal life experience. Unfortunately, an erudite people also will fail in business because lake of experience. So I strongly believe that â€Å"Not all learning takes place in the classroom. Because, if we have only classroom knowledge; today, we do not have any TV, computers, and other technologies. We surely obtain more knowledge from personal life than classroom knowledge.

African Socialism: Analysis of Ujamaa

African Socialism: Analysis of Ujamaa MAJOR THEMES IN AFRICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT LECTURER: FRED OTIENO STUDENT: CHRIS MUGO NDIRANGU QUESTION What is African Socialism (Ujamaa)? Citing concrete examples from around Africa, examine why this ideology has faced immense opposition. INTRODUCTION African Socialism is an ideology that can be traced to the 1950s and 1960s when most African countries were attaining their independence. The ideology was propounded by African leaders in independent Africa who sought to ground their states in this ideology they believed would achieve the goals and aspirations of independence. The proponents of the ideology sought to differentiate it from other forms of socialism that existed across the world at the time, particularly Marxist-Leninist strands of socialism. African socialism can therefore be defined as a belief in sharing of economic resources in a traditional African way. It is however prudent to accept that the interpretations and definitions of African socialism differ as it is not the brainchild of a single thinker. According to Freidland (1964) : African Socialism differs in that no single leader has been distinctively and uniquely associated with the ideology. Rather the ideology of African Socialism has been the product of diverse leaders operating within the variety of exigencies in their own countries, which helps to account for the lack of development of a unified theory. (p. 2) African socialism can be said to be an indigenous attempt by various African leaders to develop a distinctive â€Å"African† path of economic and political development. It advocates for a return to traditional African values practiced before colonization. As mentioned above African socialism is a product of different leaders. Therefore to understand African socialism we must study the leaders and their works which collectively contributed to this ideology. These leaders implemented this ideology in their respective countries. Some were successful while others were not. The ideology as will be explained in this paper faced immense opposition hindering its full adoption. CHARACTERISTICS OF AFRICAN SOCIALISM Though the African Socialist leaders had their own distinct views on African socialism various characteristics of African socialism can be drawn. According to Martin (19) the socialist leaders’ conception of African socialism had the following common characteristics: Ideology and practice are inextricably linked Politics has supremacy over the economy Socialism is not a sacred dogma but a guide to action African socialism is a socialism building on and adapted to African indigenous values, culture, traditions and society The people are the main agents and ultimate beneficiaries of socialist development African socialism aims at creating ‘a new man’ The single party operates according to the Marxist-Leninist principle of Democratic Centralism, which institutionalizes communication between the leadership and the rank-and-file of the party, with ultimate decision-making power resting with the highest executive organ of the party. Collective decision making is based on collective deliberation and consensus State has control over the economy Furthermore (Batsa, 1965) has summarised some six basic characteristics of African Socialism: It ignores the power of monopoly capital. It accepts the mixed economy as a permanent feature of socialism. It denies the existence of classes in Africa and advances the idea of the neutral state. It advocates a multi-party system where possible, or a single party open to all, irrespective of beliefs, with a specific denial of any vanguard role The African element of the theory consists of a romantic interpretation of our traditional morals and culture Positive non-alignment is treated as neutrality Several African countries on attaining independence sought to establish declarations or policy documents that sought to clearly stipulate the ideology they adopted. In the context of African socialism, very few countries had clear and concrete policy documents on African socialism. Notable among these countries is Kenya and Tanzania that formulated policies or declarations with regards to African Socialism. Tanzania in 1967 formulated the Arusha Declaration a document written by socialist leader Julius Nyerere for the ruling party the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). In this declaration it is clearly stated that ‘The policy of TANU is to build a socialist state’. It further goes on to lay down certain socialist principles it seeks to implement in Tanganyika. In Part two of the document lay The Policy of Socialism. The fist element in this policy is absence of exploitation. The declaration states that in a socialist state all people are workers and in which neither capitalism nor feudalism exists. It believes in a classless society where there is no one exploits another. Every worker receives a just return for their labour. However the declaration points out the fact that Tanzania still has elements of feudalism and capitalism that are remnants of colonialism. The second element is that the major means of production and exchange are under the control of the peasants and workers. The declaration stipulates that this should be done through the machinery of their Government and their co-operatives. The third element is the existence of democracy. This element requires that the government should be chosen and led by the peasants and workers themselves. Finally is that socialism is a belief. The declaration states that socialism is a way of life. A socialist society can only come into existence if i t is built by those who believe in and practice the principles of socialism. The declaration believes that the successful implementation of socialist objectives depends very much up to the leaders. On the other hand Kenya in 1965 produced a sessional paper which outlines in detail both the theory of democratic African Socialism and its practical application in Kenya. The president in introducing this paper states that, ‘we rejected both Western Capitalism and Eastern Communism and chose for ourselves a policy of positive non-alignment.’’ Thus the Kenyan government fully adopted the African socialism philosophy. The sessional paper goes on to outline the operating characteristics of African socialism. They are: Political democracy Mutual social economic responsibility Various forms of ownership A range of controls to ensure that property is used in the mutual interests of society and its members Diffusion of ownership to avoid concentration of economic power Progressive taxes to ensure an equitable distribution of wealth and income The above characteristics are evident in the various works of the African Socialist leaders. The understanding of their concept of African socialism is enhanced by looking critically at the individual African socialist leaders and their ideas and perception of African socialism. AFRICAN SOCIALIST LEADERS JULIUS NYERERE Julius Nyerere was the founding father of Tanganyika and later on Tanzania. He comes up with his own form of socialism known as Ujamaa a Swahili term for family hood and brotherhood. Ujamaa become the official policy of Tanzania in 1967 following the Arusha Declaration. According to Nyerere socialism is an attitude of mind and not strict compliance to a standard or set political pattern (Nyerere, 1977) . Nyerere emphasised on brotherhood or family hood where people view each other as brothers and sisters or as members of one family. Nyerere argues that social institutions and organisations cannot by themselves achieve the purpose of socialism. These institutions can only do so if they are infused with the spirit of brotherhood and care for one another. Nyerere believed that Ujamaa differed from other strands of socialism in that the foundation of the philosophy was to be found in African culture and traditions. Furthermore Ujamaa was opposed to capitalism and scientific socialism or Marxism which legitimizes class conflicts. Nyerere went further to elaborate on the practices of Ujamaa. The first is love where an African doesn’t regard his brethren as another enemy. An African regards all men as his brethren as members of his extended family. People in African Societies cared for one another. Secondly, Nyerere argues that their existed a classless society in Africa. Classes were only brought as a result of the agrarian and industrial revolution. These events produced conditions that brought about a class system. Since these revolutions did not occur in Africa, therefore no classes existed in Africa. Thirdly Nyerere believed that in traditional Africa everyone was a worker. Everyone contributed his or her fair share of efforts towards the production of societal wealth. There was no place for laxity or laziness. Finally Nyerere maintained that wealth was shared in traditional Africa. No one could hide wealth or amass it for personal selfish reasons. The riches or the poverty of an individual or famil y were the wealth or poverty of the whole community at large. KWAME NKRUMAH Kwame Nkrumah’s ideas on African socialism were different from those of Julius Nyerere. Indeed the two showed criticised each other on their perceptions of African socialism. Nkrumah in his own admission subscribed to scientific socialism and described it as the only true socialism. According to (Martin, 2012) Nkrumah viewed African socialism as a means of not only liberating the people from the shackles of imperialism but also empowering the people politically, economically, socially and culturally after independence. Nkrumah believed that the following were the tenents of African socialism; Common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange Planned methods of production by the state, based on modern industry and agriculture Political power in the hands of the people in keeping with the humanist and egalitarian spirit which characterized African traditional society Application of scientific methods in all spheres of thought and production AHMED SEKOU TOURE Toure’s concept and ideas on African socialism was similar to that of Nkrumah. The two had a strong friendship that was evident when he granted Nkrumah asylum when he was overthrown by a military coup in 1966. Toure led an authoritarian regime in Guinea that was strongly oppressive. He arrested over a thousand people who simply opposed his regime. Prominent intellectuals and cadres were jailed, tortured and executed. Sekou Toure’s was more grounded in the Marxist-Leninist education as compared to Nkrumah. He had a great interest in the writings of Mao Tse-tung as well as other Marxist philosophers. Initially during the first decade of his rule, he refused to launch the country into clear path to socialism. He downplayed the role of ideology in the construction of a new society. He adamantly refused to choose between capitalism and socialism. He argued that certain strange theories had little to do with the crucial tasks facing the country. However during the Eighth National Congress of the PDG (the ruling party of Guinea) in 1967, Sekou Toure officially launched Guinea on to a path to socialism. Sekou Toure prescribed to scientific socialism from which he derives the meaning of socialism from. That is socialism is expressed by the effective exercise of political, economic and cultural power by the working people. Toure however was for a socialist ideology adapted to African realities. He preferred the term â€Å"communaucratic’’ instead of African socialism. He believed that African life is communal characterized by collective life and social solidarity. An Afric an cannot organize his life outside that of his social group-family, village or clan. Finally Toure believes in the supremacy of politics over the economy. In this regard he was heavily influenced by the Marxist-Leninist ideology on the roles of the state and the party in the creation of institutions designed to translate socialist ideas into practice (Martin, 2012). Toure believed that the ruling party was the definer of the general interest, the custodian of the popular will and the incarnation of the collective thought of the whole Guinean people. The basic aim of Toure’s socialism is alter the relationship between human beings. This is done by decolonizing their viewpoints and attitudes and by creating a new man freed from a system of capitalistic exploitation and participating with all his strength in the development of his nation. MODIBO KEITA He was the first president of Mali. He led the Nation on a path to socialism, both politically and economically. In 1960 the countries single party, the Union Soudanaise RDA (US-RDA) decided to set the country on a socialist path to development. Keita’s priority was to build a new society aimed at the political, economic, social and cultural empowerment of Mali’s popular masses. Keita firmly believed that a type of socialism adapted to the conditions of Mali would be the best tool to achieve this goal. Mali’s socialism was characterized by the following features; A socialism based on agricultural workers and peasants rather than on a nonexistent proletariat A vibrant private sector encouraged to contribute to national development Respect of the Malian spiritual and religious values Modibo Keita argued that socialism cannot be adopted wholesale; it must be adapted to the specific socio-cultural context of Mali. Keita elaborated that Africa has its own values, its own history. Africa thus can solve its own problems within the African context using African methods. Malian socialism was also grounded in universal human values. Keita argued that socialism cannot be reduced to purely economic or social concerns. Its goal is man itself in its material, moral, spiritual and cultural dimensions. The African man must be open to all kinds of experiments. Keita considered socialist planning necessary to achieve the primary goal of improving the living conditions of the majority of the people, which in Mali were the peasants. He focused on the development of agriculture through an elaborate network of rural cooperatives, down to the village level. Keita also embarked on the complete overhaul of Mali’s educational system to be consistent with Mali’s rich cultural heritage. The above leaders contributed significantly to African socialism. They sought to implement their socialist ideas and concepts in their countries. Some were successful to some extent while others failed. Case in point is Kwame Nkrumah who was overthrown in a military coup. OPPOSITION TO AFRICAN SOCIALISM African socialism as an ideology faced immense opposition as an ideology. This is because of the various cons associated with the ideology. These disadvantages or flaws in the ideology brew dislike for the ideology preventing its adoption or implementation. African socialism faced opposition due to the following. First it is an unreal theory which cannot be implemented as it is. Most of the socialist principles were borrowed from the Marxist-Leninist school of thought. The socialist ideology is not adopted in the same way it was advocated by Marx and other socialist thinkers. Secondly and closely related to the first is improper implementation. African socialism faced rejection due to improper implementation. Few people were in charge of wealth distribution and formulation of policies such as taxation. Thus the notion that the masses or the people have control over the nation’s wealth is a fallacy. Thirdly is that African socialism is economically inefficient. The lack of a self regulating labour market, private ownership of capital and a free financial market affects the economy negatively. Entrepreneurs and foreign investors are discouraged from investing in the economy. This leaves a country economically underdeveloped. This is the case with most socialist countries. Another pitfall of African socialism is no real increase in standard of living. African socialism does not raise the standards of living but lowers it instead. This is because the income of the rich is reduced making them fall closer to the level of the poor. It only reduces the gap between the rich and the poor but does not improve the standards of living in the society. Lastly is that socialism promotes laziness and incompetence among members of society. This is because of the social security system in socialist states that takes care of those with no income. Such provisions by the government deter people from working hard to earn their livelihood. This equally affects the hard working members who feel dissatisfied as they are not rewarded for their toil. Their toil goes to taking care of those who don’t work. Such a system impacts productivity and hence economic growth negatively. REFERENCES Batsa, K. (1965). African Socialism. The Labour Monthly , 514-517. Martin, G. (2012). African Political Thought. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Nyerere, J. K. (1977). Ujamaa-Essays on Socialism. USA: Oxford University Press. William H. Friedland, C. G. (1964). African Socialism. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Page | 1

How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay

How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay Biblical character Job placed much faith in his lord. He kept his faith despite some of the harshest of circumstances. Job had immense resources that provided for him and his family until Satan challenged God to a test of Jobs faith. It was then that great tragedy befell Job and his family. Further testing his faith, God disfigured Jobs face by giving him welts. Through this entire calamity, Jobs faith grew even stronger, proving Satan wrong. God then replaced Jobs health, job, land, and even provided with him a better wife. Confused, Job wondered why he experienced such a dramatic rollercoaster of life. Job asked God why did this all happen?, and God replied: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Because Im God. Thats was all the answer he needed. God can easily take back everything that he created at any time, which causes man to fear God. People of the purest faith realize this and repay God with a lifetime of homage and servitude. This is usually the key behind all religions were theres a God. For example, in the Hindu faith they have a God in which goes by the name of Shiva, believed to be the restorer and destroyer of worlds, which gives Shiva the persona of being one of the most temperamental gods of any faith. Shiva has the power to destroy the world on a simple whim. To prove his power, Shiva once cut his own sons head and replaced it with an Elephants head. Once there was a story of a man whom desired power more than anything in the world. He had to obtain sacred weapons from Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page3 which were created by Shiva. Through deep meditation that went on till he clouded the heavens that eventually angered Shiva. Shiva then challenged the man to a battle, in which he was easily conquered. Shiva was still impressed by the will and determination of this man, so Shiva ended providing him with the weapons that he desired so much. Shiva requires the type of faith that is strong enough that man would even challenge God himself, which would make him the ideal Hindu. Religion is a part of everyones life; throughout history, in art, in music, and especially in literature. Its something that could even be traced back to mans earliest presence in this world. Some peoples faith extends further than others, but does this really matter? When comparing the stories of Job and Jonah, faith seems to no make a difference to God. Job being someone who had strong, pure, and unfaltering faith, and on the other hand, Jonah had such faltering faith. Yet Job was punished when God tested his faith, and at the same time Jonah just fled from God, and yet he was forgiven. Faith seems not to really matter to God in the long run. Between these stories it seems that the good man ends up getting screwed in the end, while the bad guy seems to be rewarded. With that being said, does one man who truly worships God and pure end up weighing more in the eyes of God than an apathetic Hindu? Man having the need to believe that there is something out there that might superior to him with some type of explanation for our presence on this world. God having such an unimaginable popularity to mankind makes him necessary to mankind, definitely having lasted this long. We want to believe and find something that proves there is something more than just a void when its all over. Subconsciously, we even realize there actually was no God, and no afterlife, there would be no consequences, and the basic goodness within man would come to a fault which would take away from us maintaining the little order we have, and would promote chaos all around. Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page4 The amazing part of our world is that everyone has unique gifts, skills, and abilities. One man may end up as smart as Albert Einstein with a body like the Hulk, and his brother would have the mind of the Rain-Man and the body of Moby Dick. God seems to rewards us in a variety of ways. Some of us are blessed spiritually, some physically, some mentally, when some are all rounded. Rewards could be proportional to faith. A man with wealth may be a strong believer, while a man with nothing may be a blasphemer. But there might be no connection between the amount of faith you have and how youre rewarded. This would make it much easier to believe, when some of the wealthiest people out there are usually sinful or have their hands something that is. People who believe might not be any better off than people who dont believe. But theres a question that still remains; is religion actually good or bad? In Moby Dick, questions of faith, reward, and reason, floats about subliminally in the lives and fates of all the players. The Pulpit: At my first glimpse of the pulpit, it had not escaped me that however convenient for a ship, these joints in the present instance seemed unnecessary. For I was not prepared to see Father Mapple after gaining the height, slowly turn around, and stooping over the pulpit, deliberately drag up the ladder step by step, till the whole was deposited within, leaving him impregnable in his little Quebec. Things like isolation, and alienation could end up being the result of strong faith. This causes you to be set apart from the crowd, making you an outcast. Father Mapple being one of the truest believers in this novel Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page5 sets himself up at a distant, higher, and more protected place. Mapple believes he is a direct messenger from God. In this chapter The Pulpit is built unlike any other. According to Mapples specifications, it was extremely tall with a long rope ladder leading to his platform; this setup was very similar to boarding a vessel. Once Mapple withdrawals the ladder, he goes to an isolated world of his own, taking him away from the city where hes an extremely popular whale man. He feels to have such a necessity of going away to an isolated island away from the real world so then he can communicate with God. Being on a nearly empty, isolated ship seems to be all thats left of his religion. This can be taken to mean that while Mapple is alone on his vessel and silence is surrounding him, he must climb up the simple ladder toward heaven in order to escape the land of the sinners so he can communicate Gods word. He then pulls up the ladder to prevent any distractions, visitors, or invaders. Usu ally a real vessel would be set off to sea, which spiritually Mapple has to do. He then stands up high, looking down on the congregation, he feels he is superior. He has a painting at the foot of the Pulpit of this ship fighting off a colossal storm, and through the clouds is an Angel that is creating light to guide the lonely vessel home. The vessel in the painting is also the same as the vessel represented by the Pulpit and Mapple is at the Helm. Now at the top of the Pulpit is a podium where Mapple reads his bible. His bible in which guides his ship through the storms of evil. Now the resemblance of all this is that religion represents this lonely vessel, which must break through these storms of evil before the world can be holy, and Mapple is the only crewmember on this vessel, who represents mankind. Religion is being a lonely vessel, and man stays alone on this vessel. The tale from Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner further expresses this solitude. The mariner, who was a man that was cursed to walk the earth, telling his tale to those that he felt were fit. Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page6 Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner: I pass, like night, from land to land; I have strange power of speech the moment that his face I see I know the man that must hear me; to him my tale I teach It was tale of a seaman whose crew had encountered some grilling times during their voyage. They discovered salvation in a special Albatross that helped guide their path with swift wind to clear their passage. Once they were out in the clear, they witnessed that there blessed creature was killed by the mariner. In an instant the situation deteriorated and all two-hundred crew members suddenly dropped dead, with the mariner left all alone in the freezing, stormy weather. Once repented, the vessel was guided by all the ghosts of his crew members to an old hermit who sent him on a solitary quest. The quest he was sent on was for him to spend the rest of his life traveling the world, while telling his tale to all he felt fit. This could very well be Elijahs predicament in (Moby-Dick), someone who appears to be an old insane bum that wont stop trailing Ishmael and Queequeg. It all started when the Pequods papers were signed and that moment Ishmael and Queequeg have in effect signed their souls away. He moved on talking of a prophecy concerning Ahabs fate. Ishmael saw him as a senile fool, but Elijah has a purpose, he is a prophet. He brought about a sense of pessimism before the journey ever started. He was much like the Ancient Mariner in that he was damned to eternity of prophecy and warning. This is a warning that concerns a mistake which will lie ahead on their hunt. To the mariner, the Albatross is hunted despite the fact that it was their salvation sent by god. Elijah might be warning the deaf Ishmael that Moby Dick is actually the Albatross that was sent from god. In any case, Elijahs fate was sealed Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page7 forcing him into a life of solitude. He definitely is a true believer, a prophet, and perhaps even some incarnation of God. Once again someones faith leads them to solitude. Elijahs life may just be the ending to Jonahs story. After Jonah repented he was forgiven and reborn as a prophet. As a prophet or even a direct servant of god, his journey will end up being a solitary one; he will have to fend for himself much like Elijah was. Everyone seems to look upon Elijah with suspicion and ridicule, but this comes with the territory. Although Jonahs story never really ended, his fate was still written in stone, and Elijahs life is that fate. Faith destines him to live a life of solitude. Just like Elijah and Jonah, Ishmael is also left to a fate of spreading his tales to those he felt fit. He is the mariner, in which his voyage killed the albatross and he ended up paying the full price left alone in an empty ocean with nothing but a coffin as a life buoy. In all likeliness, God did not allow Ishmael to just shake it off and move on. This tragedy will end up consuming him for the rest of his life, and this cycle will never end because there will always be another Ishmael and his Pequods. Starbuck on the other hand, is one of the most faithful Christians on the Pequod. He is actually the voice of reason out of the whole crew and always maintains his faith while the majority of the crew ends up disregarding it. Like so many others, his religious faith ends up leading him to solitude. Now in The Quarter-deck, Ahab actually describes his experiences with Moby Dick and then announces the goal of his mission, and the entire crew becomes truly excited in which they all end up going along on his insane quest. Through all of this, Starbuck ended up being the only crew member to realize that Ahab had actually changed and became obsessive after this incident. Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page8 The Quarter-deck: Vengeance on a dumb brute! cried Starbuck, that simply smote thee from blindest instinct! Madness! To be enraged with a dumb thing, Captain Ahab, seems blasphemous. Even from the beginning, Starbucks faith isolated him from the rest, he could have easily decided to follow the crew, but that would falter his faith. He realizes he is completely different from the rest of the crew. He refused to drink sinfully with the rest, due to the crazed and absurd quest of Ahab. Ishmael described the whole crew as being detestable, but Starbuck is actually the ideal man; maybe even Gods blueprint. Now this is quite a difference. Yet the only factor that separates Starbuck from the whole crew is his faith, but his beliefs end up isolating him from the crew. His faith is truly pure but eventually in ends up faltering. He soon realizes that Ahabs obsession has been growing with each passing day and eventually it will kill them all. At point Ahab actually threatens Starbucks life with a musket over a difference of opinions. Starbuck ends up obtaining the musket and is forced to make a decision between his faith and justice. Starbuck being a man of faith knew that no matter the outcome, it will always end up being Gods will. A difference of faiths caused Queequeg to be alienated from the crew. Queequeg was a prince who came from the island of Kokovoko. Over time he developed an interest with Christianity and later ended up finding himself onboard an English whaling vessel. Although he did attempt to be assimilated into Christian society, but he eventually lost interest and ended up returning back to his own faith. The only thing truly learned were just the skills of whaling. Felling like Christianity had actually made him less than pure he decided not return to his Island to claim his throne. Even though he was greatly respected by the crew, they isolated him for his unique Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page9 faith and culture. During Queequegs Ramadan, he was in a deep meditation didnt move for a full day while worshipping his God. Ishmael had never seen anyone do anything like this before, so to get Queequegs attention he tried his hardest to knock down the door. Ishmael- The Ramadan: I then went on, beginning with the rise and progress of the primitive religions and coming down to the various religions of the present time, during which time I labored to show Queequeg that all these Lents, Ramadans, and prolonged ham-squattings in cold, cheerless rooms were stark nonsense; bad for the health; useless for the soul; opposed, in short, to the obvious laws of Hygiene and common sense. I told him, too, that he being in other things such as an extremely sensible and sagacious savage, it pained me, very badly pained me, to see him now so deplorably foolish about this ridiculous Ramadan of his. Ishmael being the fool tries his hardest to cover it by mocking Queequegs god. He questions what kind of savage religion would require your loyalty and discipline. In comparison to other faiths Ishmaels negative reaction indicates the lack of respect Christianity has for their God. Now Queequeg is definitely not the inferior one in this case. It seems that Ishmaels faith may be so weak and insecure that he feels he must convert and condemn every savage he sees. Even though he says that Christianity has progressed, it seems he may very Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page10 well may be using a different dictionary than the rest of the world. Unless progressed actually means to be declined to such an extent that a faithful Christian and a prophet are considered freaks and are shunned and isolated from the world. Ishmaels prayers to Yojo showed that he himself believes that Quequegs faith is inferior to his. Ishmael and Queequeg underwent a pagan ritual, smoking to the doll, in order to confirm their marriage. Ishmael -A Bosom Friend: I was a good Christian; born and bred in the bosom of the infallible Presbyterian Church. How then could I unite with this wild idolater in worshipping his piece of wood? But what is worship? , thought I. Do you suppose now, Ishmael, that the magnanimous God of heaven and earth- pagans and all included-can be possibly be jealous of an insignificant bit of black wood? Impossible! Ishmael is in denial and doesnt realize it. He has troubles excepting that the Christians God and Queequegs God are the same being but in different forms. His faith is not strong enough to see the idol as nothing more than just a piece of wood. This is exactly where the relationship starts to have problems. Ishmael feels church is infallible and lacks any solid proof. He feels this was due to it being forced and installed into him his whole life. On the other hand, Queequeg has spent ample amount of time worshipping his God to where he truly believes. Ishmael being so close-minded, he refuses to accept that Queequegs faith as anything Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page11 more than inferior, therefore making him more isolated from Ishmael than a normal from what Christian standards of friendship are. In other words, Queequegs faith makes Ishmael see him more as a pet than a friend. Queequeg is much like the character that goes by the name of John the savage from Huxleys Brave New World. John was raised away from new civilization, therefore he the opportunity to have his own opinions, ideas, and ideals. Now on the other hand, everybody that lives in this new society were brain washed from when they were children in order to fit into their assigned classes. Just like Ishmael and the Christians, they were raised believed that everything that they thought they knew was infallible. They believed in their somas, a drug, as a means to escape from their reality, while John knows that the somas were only just a diversion. They believed that the Feelies, a form of entertainment, was the only form of art, while john knew that was wrong for a fact. He was well aware of literature, poetry, and Shakespeare. John was very open-minded because he wasnt like everyone else, a brainwashed conformist. So do you think if Ishmael would have become more open if he wasnt raised by the church? Queequeg was discriminated against by everyone, because of his faith when he first boarded the ship. There is one criterion for working aboard the Pequod, it was that you were a Christian. It didnt matter if you were a Killer, thieve, or even an overall scum. All types were welcome with open arms as long as you were Christian. On the other hand, Queequeg must prove himself to everyone before he can work with them. It took a very dramatic experience for Queequeg in order to prove his worth to the crew. This all occurred when a foolish man who ridiculed Queequeg was knocked overboard due to a loose post that knocked him into the ocean. Queequeg immediately dove into the icy water without any hesitation at all in order to save this man, and he succeeded. Since his beliefs differed from the others, he was required prove himself to his shipmates even though it wasnt necessary for others, Christians, to do so. Unfortunately Queequegs faith separated him from Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page12 his shipmates. In a way it seems Christianity really screwed Queequeg over. He was completely rejected by the others, even though his interests in Christianity lead him to leave his people. He was driven away from Christianity from all the corruption that came with it. Since his purity was tainted by Christianity, it made him unworthy to be able to return home and claim his throne. So far the strong faith that was in the lives of these mentioned believers has not yet been a positive factor in their lives. We have Job who endured a humiliating test by the God he loved. Then theres Mapple who felt that in order to communicate with God he had to be isolated upon a pulpit. Then we have Elijah, the mariner, who preach the word of God to everyone he saw even though they deemed him a humbug. Now we cant forget about Queequeg who was discriminated against by everyone, even his own tribe, just because he was involved in two faiths. These stories make it seem like there is no advantage to having any faith at all. In fact, in the long run no matter whom they were and how strong their faith was, the entire crew ended up having the same fate: a watery death. All except for Ishmael, who was supposedly left to live his life as prophet spreading the word of God? The only affect religion seemed to actually have on these lives, was nothing more than pain and isolation. No one wa s rewarded nor did they receive any advantages just for loving God. In which seemed to have the opposite effect for the non-believers, they had a clear advantage to not having any religion at all. A life spent without religion is a life spent with leisure. The second mate of the Pequod was Stubb, and he was the complete opposite of Starbuck. Starbuck started this voyage to earn a living, in which Stubb just joined for the thrill of the hunt. Through this entire voyage, Stubb really enjoyed himself. His days are now worried free. His supper is one example of his impertinence and carefree attitude. He and the black cook, Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page13 Fleece, have a conversation that leads to questions about death. Stubb asks Fleece where he plans on going after his death, and Fleece just subtly points up. Which was quite funny since Stubb didnt understand this so he told Fleece that we definitely dont need a corpse just hanging from their masthead. Stubb -Stubbs Supper: You said up there, didnt you? And now look at yourself, and see where your tongs are pointing. But, perhaps you expect to get into heaven crawling through the lubbers hole, cook; but, no, no , cook, you dont get there, except you go the regular way, round by the rigging. Its a ticklish business, but must be done, or else its no go. None of us are in heaven yet. He might have some belief in heaven, but its definitely in a very distant corner of his mind. He lives his life without worry of heaven at least until the last possible moment. He thinks faith is nothing but useless, hes a non-believer. He asks Fleece how he intends to get into heaven since it seems the effort is more trouble than it is actually worth. On the other hand, the regular way in Stubbs mind involves a Starbuck-type loyalty, which he doesnt want to give. When he says none of us are in heaven yet he is basically saying: why bother? There is no proof and no live person can be sure that heaven even exists until they die. Therefore, his life is full of enjoyment having no religion, and yet he shares the same fate of Gods blueprint. Starbuck doesnt consider or Craig Peitz How strong is your faith? Page14 fear death at all, and this is how he lives without any worries, superstitions. One example Ishmael give for Stubbs lack of religion and faith, is his pipe. It was described as a part of his face, he thought of it to be some kind of disinfectant that would protect him from Gods wrath. Ishmael doesnt want to believe that there will be no consequences for your decisions in life. Yet some having no religious conviction at all easily lives his life freely, unlike most other Christians. I feel we all have the opportunity to make our own Blue Prints of life regardless of our beliefs and or faith. The only things that all humans have in common is suffering, which brings us together, but yet we all are destined to the fate of death some just sooner than others. These two monolithic figures from literary history lived two very similar lives despite their differences in faith and styles of coping. Both were beset by great tragedy, and endured in their own was. Perhaps there is something to be said of the captains demise when compared to Jobs perseverance, but a faith in something greater is what bound them together.