Vikram Sarabhai Essays and Term Papers

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (MCA) MCA/ASSIGN/III/YEAR/2012 ASSIGNMENTS Year, 2012-13 (3rd Semester) (MCS-031, MCS-032, MCS-033, MCS-034, MCS-035, MCSL-36) There are ten questions in this assignment, which carries 80 marks. Rest 20 marks are for viva-voce. Answer all the questions. You may use illustration and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the MCA Programme Guide for the format of presentation. The examples, whenever asked to be given, should be different from those that are discussed in the course material.Question1: Using Insertion Sort, sort the following sequence in increasing (10 marks) order and do the analysis of the algorithm: 35, 37, 18, 15, 40, 12 Question 2: Write a pseudocode for divide and conquer algorithm for finding the position of an array of n numbers and estimate the number of key comparisons made by your algorithm. (10 marks) Question 3: Apply quicksort to sort the following list: Q U I C K S O R T (10 marks) in alphabetical order. Find the element whose position is unchanged in the sorted list. Question 4: Write Strassen’s matrix multiplications algorithm for obtaining the product of two matrices. 10 marks) Question 5: (i) Define DFS. Explain briefly how it differs from BFS. (10 marks) (ii) Write pseudocode for DFS and calculate its time complexity Question 6: Apply Kruskal’s algorithm to find minimal spanning tree with an example. (10 marks) Question7: Arrange the following growth rates in increasing order: O (3n), O (n2), O (1), O (n log n) Question 8: Using Principle of Mathematical Induction, prove that the sum 20 + 21 +†¦+ 2n is 2n +1 – 1 for all n ? 1. (4 marks) (6 marks) Question 9: Define Knapsack Problem and cite one instance of the problem. (5 arks) Question 10: Explain the essential idea of Dynamic Programming. How does Dynamic Programming differ from Divide and conquer approach for solving problems? (5 marks) 3 Course Code Course Titlle Assignment Number Assignment Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCS-032 Object Oriented Analysis and Design MCA(3)/032/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) There are eight questions in this assignment, which carried 80 marks. Rest 20 marks are for viva-voce. Answer all the questions.Make necessary assumptions where ever required. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Program Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1: What is Object Orientation? Explain features of Object Oriented approach of system design. Why it is better than Structured approach of system design. (10 Marks) What is UML? Briefly explain, different UML Diagrams used for Modeling. Question 2: (10 Marks) Question 3: What is class diagrams? Explain how classes are identified in designing of an object oriented system, with the help of an example. (10 Marks) What is generalization?Explain how it is different from specialization with an example. Question 4: (10 Marks) Question 5: What is dynamic model? Also explain how it is different from object model. (10 Marks) Question 6: What is state diagram ? Differentiate between a simple state diagram and a composite state diagram. Draw state diagram for Railway Reservation System. (10 Marks) What is Bi-directional Implementation? Explain advantages of Bi- directional Implementation with example. (10 Marks) What is ternary association? Explain how ternary associations are mapped into tables with an example. (10 Marks)Question 7: Question 8: 4 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCS-033 Advanced Discrete Mathematics MCA(3)/033/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) There are FIVE questions of total 80 marks in this assignment. Answer all questions. 20 Marks are for viva-voce. You may use illu strations and diagrams to enhance explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation.Question 1: (a) Using Karnaugh map, simplify X': A'BC'D'+ ABCD+ ABCD'+ ABCD' (5 Marks) (b) Describe Konigsberg’s 7 bridges problem and Euler's solution to it. B (5 Marks) (c) Show that the sum of the degrees of all vertices of a graph is twice the number of edges in the graph. (5 Marks) Question 2: (a) Let G be a non directed graph with 12 edges. If G has 5 vertices each of degree 3 and the rest have degree less than 3, what is the minimum number of vertices G can have? (5 Marks) (b) What is Graph Cloning? Explain K-edge cloning with an example. (5 Marks) c) Let f(n)= 5 f(n/ 2) + 3 and f(1) = 7. Find f(2k) where k is a positive integer. Also estimate f(n) if f is an increasing function. (5 Marks) Question 3: (a) Define r-regular graph. Give an example of 3-regular graph. (5 Marks) (b) f is bijective function with Ra nge of f as the (5 Marks) 5 (c) What are isomorphic graphs? Are the graphs given below isomorphic? Explain why? (7 Marks) a b 1 d c 3 4 2 (i) (ii) (4 Marks) (d) What is connected Graph? Construct a graph with chromatic number 5. Question 4: (a) Solve following recurrence relations i) = + n, =2 (9 Marks) sing substitution method ii) iii) 9 = (b) Write a short note on Tower of Hanoi Problem. How can it be solved using recursion ? Question 5: (a) Show that for subgraph H of a graph G ? (H) ? ? (G) (b) What is Divide and Concuer relations? Explain with an example? (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (c) Find a power series associated with the problem where we have to find a number of ways to select 10 people to form and expert committee from 6 Professors and 12 Associate Professors. (4 Marks) (d) Tree is a Bipartite Graph† justify the statement with an example? (4 Marks) 6Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCS-034 Sof tware Engineering MCA(3)/034/Assign/12 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has one question for 80 marks. 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1: Assume that you are assigned responsibility of developing a Student Admission System (SAS).Admissions take place through various modes such as accepting applications by post, online etc. SAS should accept data from all modes and create a merit list for admissions to various programmes offered by the University. For developing SAS as specified above, (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Which SDLC paradigm will be selected. Justify your answer. List the functional and non-functional requirements. Estimate cost Estimate effort Develop SRS using IEEE format (20 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (10 marks) (30 marks) 7 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : :MCS-035 Accountancy and Financial Management MCA (3)/035/Assign/2012 100 25% 15th October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 15th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has five questions. Answer all questions. 20 marks are for viva voce. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. Question 1: From the following Trial Balance of Rama Nand Sagar, prepare Trading and Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st December, 2011 and a Balance Sheet as on that date:Dr.Balances Opening Stock Purchases Sales Return Carriage Inwards Carriage Outwards Wages Salaries Plant & Machinery Furniture Sundry Debtors Bills Receivable Cash in Hand Travelling Expenses Lighting Rent and Taxes General Expenses Insurance Drawings Rs. 20,000 80,00 0 6,000 3,600 800 42,000 27,500 90,000 8,000 52,000 2,500 6,300 3,700 1,400 7,200 10,500 1,500 18,000 3,81,000 Cr. Balances Sales Purchase Return Discount Sundry Creditors Bills Payable Capital Rs. 2,70,000 4,000 5,200 25,000 1,800 75,000 3,81,000 8 Adjustments:(1) Stock on 31st December, 2011 was valued at Rs. 24,000 (Market Value Rs. 0,000). (2) Wages outstanding for December, 2011 amounted to Rs. 3,000. (3) Salaries outstanding for December, 2011 amounted to Rs. 2,500. (4) Prepaid insurance amounted to Rs. 300. (5) Provide depreciation on Plant and Machinery at 5% and on Furniture at 20%. (20Marks) Question 2: Following are the balance sheets of a limited company as on 31st December, 2010 and 2011. Liabilities 2010 Rs. 2011 Rs. Assets 2010 Rs. 2011 Rs. Share Capital Reserves B. & L A/c Bank Loan (Long-term) Creditors Bills Payable 64,000 13,000 8,600 25,000 38,000 8,000 1,56,600 84,000 15,500 8,800 –34,000 8,500 1,50,800Goodwill Buildings Plant Stock Debtors Cash Bank 3,00 0 50,950 35,000 25,500 42,000 150 –1,56,600 2,250 48,000 43,000 18,800 36,200 180 2,100 1,50,800 Taking into account the following additional information, you are re-required to prepare funds flow statement and statement of changes in working capital. (a) Dividend paid was Rs. 6,000/(b) Rs. 3,600/- was written off as depreciation on plant and Rs. 2,950/- on buildings. (c) Profit on sale of plant was Rs. 3,000/(20 Marks) 9 Question 3: The following are the ratios extracted from the Balance Sheet of a company as on 31st Dec 2011. Draw up the Balance Sheet of the company.Current Liabilities Current Assets Liquidity Ratio Stock Turnover Ratio (Based on COGS) Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio (Based on sale) Gross Profit as percentage of sales Debtor collection period Working capital Shareholders Capital Reserve and Surplus 1. 0 2. 5 1. 5 6 2 20% 2 Months Rs. 3, 00,000 Rs. 5, 00,000 Rs. 2, 50,000 (20 Marks) Question 4: Critically examine the various methods of evaluation of capital budg eting proposals? Explain the significance and application of the technique of discounted cash-flow. (20 Marks) Question 5: What do you mean by receivable management? What are its objectives?Explain the dimensions of receivable management. (20 Marks) 10 Course Code Course Title Assignment Number Maximum Marks Weightage Last Dates for Submission : : : : : : MCSL-036 Lab Course MCA (3)/036L/Assign/2012 100 25% 31st October, 2012 (For July 2012 Session) 30th April, 2013 (For January 2013 Session) This assignment has three sections. Answer all the questions in each section. Section 1 and Section 2 are of 13 marks each. The lab records related to these sections also carries 13 marks each. Section 3 and lab records related to section 3 carry 14 marks each. Rest 20 marks are for viva voce.You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation. SECTION 1: MCS-032 Qu estion 1: Ram and Shyam are starting a breakfast in a small town. They will have three bedrooms for guests. They want to develop software service to manage the reservations and to monitor expenses and profits. When a potential customer calls for a reservation, they will check the calendar, and if there is a vacancy, they will enter the customer name, address, phone number, dates, agreed upon price, credit card number, and room number(s).Reservations must be guaranteed by 1 day’s payment. Reservations will be held without guarantee for an agreed upon time. If not guaranteed by that date, the reservation will be dropped. i) Draw at least two use case diagrams and define all the classes. ii) Draw the Sequence and Collaboration Diagrams. iii) Draw the Class Diagrams. iv) Draw the State Transition Diagram. v) Draw the Component Deployment Model. SECTION 2: MCS-034 Question 1: An automobile dealer wants to automate its inventory. It can record all of the cars that a customer purcha ses. It records all repairs. It records all arriving shipments of repair parts.The dealer wants daily reports on total daily repairs, daily sales, and total inventory. This report is called â€Å"dailyreport. † The dealer also keeps track of all customers and potential customers that visit the dealership. The dealer also wants a monthly report showing all visits and purchases by customers listed by day of the month. The dealer also wants the ability to query about any customer or potential customer. (2 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (2 marks) 11 i) Develop the SRS by performing requirements study. ii) Identify various processes of the system and generate the DFD’s for the system.You may use any software to develop the DFD. iii) Design the ER diagram for the company and do the database design giving all the constraints. iv) Perform the detailed procedural design for any two processes. (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) v) Create at least four test cases for e ach of the procedures designed in part (iv) (2 marks) vi) Suggest some security mechanism for the usage of the system with various privileges. (2 marks) vii) Draw the PERT diagram for the given set of tasks and dependencies. Complete the table showing the critical path and the slack time. 2 marks) SECTION 3: MCS-035 Question 1: Prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss A/c of Mr. Sanyam and Balance Sheet from the following balances extracted from books for the year ending 31st March 2009: (14 marks) Trial Balance of Mr. Sanyam as on 31st March, 2009 Dr. Amount (Rs. ) 1,520 17,425 10,000 900 4,000 2,750 50 100 50 100 100 150 300 500 18,750 150 Cr. Amount (Rs. ) Particulars Cash Account Bank Account Machinery Account Furniture A/c Stock (1-4-2005) Purchase A/c Discount Allowed Repair A/c Cartage A/c Municipal Taxes Advertising A/c Rent A/c Salaries Bad debts A/c Capital Bad debts recovered A/c 2 Discount Received Sales Loan @ 12% p. a. Shyam Bros. 37,945 45 15,000 2,000 2,000 37,945 Following adjustment are to be made: (i) Salaries Outstanding Rs. 200, Prepaid Rent Rs. 50. (ii) Provide depreciation on machinery at 10%; write off furniture by 20%. (iii) Interest on loan has been due for one year and remained unpaid. (iv) Write off Rs. 400 which are not to be paid to Shyam Bros. (v) Provide interest on capital @6% p. a. for full year. (vi) Value of closing stock on 31. 3. 2006 was Rs. 8,000. 13

Art and Irony Essay

Dreams are the paints of a great artist, and the world is their canvas. Artists are able to produce beautiful art pieces using their ideas and imaginations. Through art, we are able to communicate stories of tragedy, peace, hardship, and ease. In many ways, visual art and written stories can be compared to one another. Like a frame to a picture, the techniques in a short story help keep the story together. As for the elements they can be seen as the painting itself, providing both story and beauty. Both techniques and elements play crucial roles together. In both short stories â€Å"The Blues Merchant† and â€Å"Rich For One Day†, the influence of the ironic technique towards characterization and theme can be noticeably seen. The use of irony greatly affects the overall theme of the Blues Merchant, like a border to a beautiful painting. We see the theme shift when we see the guard nodding to the rhythm of the Blues Merchant. When confronted by the guard sergeant, he receives the message which is â€Å" You are not supposed to enjoy the blues. You get paid to watch, not to be human† (Washington 284). After this particular even takes place, we see how the Blues Merchant is able to shift the freedom of the guards, and the entrapment of the prisoners. Through the Blues Merchants’ music, the guards are becoming trapped and confined while the prisoners are being able to taste freedom. The ironic technique can be seen when this occurs. The same technique can be seen when the narrator is describing the concert. In the last sentence of the story, the narrator states, â€Å"The guards remain trapped behind the prison walls while, if only for a short time, we are free† (Washington 284). Irony is at play in this sentence because the full transformation of the prisoners and guards is showcased. The theme of the story is reflected through irony, and the irony is shown in this quote. The theme of the story is that music can set you free, and the technique used plays a part by freeing the prisoners. The best paintings are the ones that that tell us stories. The Blues Merchant is able to paint a beautiful story of freedom for the struggling man. The Blues Merchant paints a powerful picture. Not only can an ironic technique affect the theme of a story, but it can also effect the development of characters. We see this take place in â€Å"Rich For One Day†. Aline is girl who seems to be down in fortune, but seems to think otherwise. Aline misjudges her wealth when she remembers that she â€Å" [is] rich today. She [has] eight dollars, a fortune.† (Suzanne 257). The fact that this economically unstable woman finds herself rich with eight dollars is ironic. She tries to convince herself that her own life is a life of luxury and comfort, although in reality, this is not the case. Aline tries to hide and stay away from the harsh truth when we see her â€Å" Not quite awake and that she felt too rich today to give an answer† (Suzanne 257) to the designer calling her about a possible job offer. Considering that Aline is not doing well for herself, she should see to take this job, but instead she refuses to give an answer to the designer. The irony is seen when she says that she is deemed too rich to give an appropriate answer. If she were actually rich, then this statement would not be ironic, but considering she only has eight dollars in her bank account, then her saying that really tells the reader what kind of person Aline really is. Characters in a story are fundamental to a stories success. If an ironic technique is used effectively, the development of such characters can be very fruitful and promising. Authors use many different techniques to transform the core aspects of a story. Artists can use different types of paint, or different bristles to create a desired affect on their work. Both authors and artists alike have been adapting these different ways of expressing their works for the sole purpose of communicating with their audience. Irony has proven to be a useful tool in terms of enhancing a theme of a story, or the development of a character. Imagine what stories and art would be without real purpose. What a story would be without effective technique. A painting without a story, A picture without a frame.

Whats Complicating Bernankes Balancing Act Essay

Whats Complicating Bernankes Balancing Act - Essay Example products, but more about the market forces that are determined by overseas. The interdependency can be observed from the increasing trade volume between U.S. and Asia, which has doubled in 10 years. The complication increases the chances that the Fed could make a policy mistake by pushing rates too high or leaving them too low. It could cost the economy deadly if an error is to be corrected later on. (Cooper, 2006) Large countries, like the U.S., used to alter their monetary policies according to the situation of themselves. For example, in the past, the U.S. could keep her inflation rate under control easily and effectively through adjusting the interest rate to a right level. However, in the world of globalization, as the world economies are becoming more interdependent, as supported by the increasing trading volume in the passage, the level of interest rate would also affect the trade deficit issues between the U.S. and other countries as foreign capital is in need to finance the trade deficit.

Termin Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Termin - Literature review Example This research essay will be endeavouring to highlight the intricacies involved terminal dilapidated claims. This research essay will look into how changes in the CPR (Civil Procedure Code) have impacted the claims on dilapidation and will also analyse the maximum cap on the claims under section 18 (1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1927 by the landlord . Finally, this will research essay will come to a conclusion after having discussed that how changes of CPR have imposed changes in relation to terminal dilapidation claims. (Olins 2010:4). Claims of Terminal Dilapidation To safeguard the landlords , the Landlord & Tenants Act 1927 ( â€Å" the Act†) was enacted as there was some feeling at the time of enactment of the above act that there existed some disparity in the affiliation between a tenant and a landlord with the latter too often misusing his dominant position. (Olins 2010:8). There will be complexity in arriving at the exact amount of claim under terminal dilapidations . This can be ascertained in two ways. ... U Stores Ltd1, it was decided that there is an onus on the landowner to lessen the loss and this may extend to commencing preparations for carrying out the repairs before the expiry of the lease. Failure to do so may even result in reduction or extinguishment of claim for losses (for example, loss of rent). (Cooke &Woodhead 2007:337). In â€Å"Carmel Southend Ltd v Strachan & Henshaw Ltd†2, there was a covenant to handover the premises in substantial and in good conditions. In this case, whether quantum of damages included cost of patch repairs or whether it has to include whether more wide-ranging over-cladding as demanded by the new tenant. In this case, second limp of â€Å"s18 (1) of the Landlord and Tennant Act 1927† was applied. It was decided that patch repairs were enough to adhere with covenants and stance claimed by the incoming tenant may be relevant but not determinative. It was held by the court that erstwhile tenant was responsible for the full cost of pat ch repairs. (Watt 2007:14). In some cases, landlord may be asked to bear the terminal repairs as in the case of multiple occupations. In some cases, a tenant may serve a notice on landlord with a Schedule of Dilapidation if he fails to repair. In Wallace v. Manchester City Council, the tenant was awarded with damages for inconvenience or discomfiture by a County Court Judge and in appeal, the decision was upheld. In Hallise v. petmoor Developments Ltd, the landlord was held accountable for repairs. (The Times 2000). Civil Procedure Code The Civil Justice Review of 1988 recognised intricacy, expenses and delay as the three grave defects that were apparent in the Civil Procedure Code that existed since 1851. To remove these intricacies, Lord Woolf recommended some major changes in the Civil Procedure Code of

How the UK Prime Minister should implement the fiscal policy at the Essay

How the UK Prime Minister should implement the fiscal policy at the time of recession - Essay Example Fiscal policy can be used to curb economy shocks such as recession. This paper is a critique of how the prime minister of UK can implement fiscal policy at the time of recession and the economic consequences of the policy. The government can decide to use taxation to regulate the economy by introducing tax incentives or increasing taxation to finance investments. An increase in income tax decreases the net income of individuals. This has the effect of lowering labour productivity as workers do not want to work more hours since they are demotivated.Others may decide to work more hours in order to cover the raise in tax .On the other hand, lowering the starting rate of income tax leads to increased labour productivity and efficiency and also labour supply hence decreasing the level of unemployment and increasing economic growth (Creel & Sawyer, 2009). Indirect taxes have the effect of increasing or lowering demand for goods and services. An indirect tax on goods such as duty leads to increase in its price and consequently decrease in demand and vice versa. On the other hand, if the government decides to give tax incentives to producers, this will decrease the cost of production and consequently the price of the products. As Barrell (2004) notes, reduction in prices has direct impact of increasing demand for the commodity hence increased economic activities. Taxation is also a tool for attracting domestic and foreign investments. If a government wants to attract investments, it reduces corporation taxes as well as business taxes. This in turn encourages fixed capital investments by businesses in terms of new machines, technology advancement, developing workers skills as well as developing infrastructure hence more economic development (Creel & Sawyer, 2009). Government also can give tax allowance on research and development and consequently more businesses are set up creating more employment and increasing

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Employment Law - Essay Example These laws ensure that parties in a union discharge their duties fairly in order to evade legal accusation. The employment disagreement in Sinclair Refining Co. V. Atkinson, 30 was caused by the courts failure to forbid the labour union from enforcing a workers boycott as a solution to the disagreement between workers and the employer. The matters concerning the employers and the employees require little intervention by the court and the parties involved should resolve their differences in affable environment if possible. This is due to the fact that these issues require a solution which does not disadvantage either of the parties and create a friendly atmosphere. The workers boycott in the case of Sinclair was against the agreement which prohibited any strike and support for mediation in the case of any dispute. Therefore, for the court to intervene in the issues involving employers and workers they rely on the agreement between the parties and the matter must be one which requires arbitration (Mark, 15). The federal court however did not enforce the employer-workers agreement, but inste ad they allowed the boycott to continue. There was a feeling that the decision taken by the federal court was insufficient and against the employment agreement which advocated the mediation and prohibited the strike as a solution to the disagreement between the parties. According to Mark (22) the federal district courts have inadequate authority to implement contractual obligations between the employers and their employees, or to alter rulings by another court. The matter presented before the Supreme Court regards the ruling of the federal court regarding employers and employees agreement. Their conditions of employment prohibit the workers from taking part in boycott and advocate mediation in case of disagreement. However, the federal court failed to enforce this covenant although after the workers boycott. This matter was presented to the Supreme Court

International Business management Journal Article - 1

International Business management Journal - Article Example e article that foreign management strategies require some prerequisite skills and exposure on the cultural diversity, political characteristics and economic size of that particular economy. Financial institutions are getting it even tricky due to the great economic parity across different countries and Singapore case is not exceptional. There is much need for a foreign manager especially assigned in Singapore to note the significant role their patriarch culture plays in the business field. The central issue addressed in this article is critical leadership skills that outs one in a vantage position to manage a foreign business in Singapore. The increasing pressure of globalization has exposed many forms to risk of failure unless new approaches are given to the management style. As the author exposes through the interview in this article, any foreign manager shifting to Singapore need to familiarize himself/herself with a wide scope of socio-economic structures that dictates its busine ss environment. One of the critical aspects of successful business management in Singapore is their culture of utmost respect to the elderly. It is relatively challenging to reconcile leadership approaches of handling staff with the high expectation of respect to the elderly. This is particularly a difficult situation for a young foreign manager in this Asian country where it happens that the old forms the largest portion of the employees. This requires one to undertake an assessment of the patriarch cultural system of this community and developing relevant strategies of fitting within this important social order. It is clear that one need to learn to be accommodating, listening and caring to gain respect and general acceptance within this country. Several countries have local social order that significantly explain their consumption behavior, workplace conduct and the overall business climate exhibited. It is therefore important for a multinational manager to be very cautious when

Music Therapy in Modern Society Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Music Therapy in Modern Society - Article Example The Music therapy is regarded as both a science and an art, with quantitative and qualitative literature of research based on integrating such fields as musicology, music theory, clinical therapy, psychoacoustics, embodied music cognition, musical acoustics, comparative musicology and aesthetics of music. Other professionals in healthcare services, such as psychologists, physicians, occupational therapists, and physical therapists, refer to the services of music therapy. Sometimes, the users of the service themselves also opt for the services of music therapy without a recommendation. Music Therapist The music therapists mainly facilitate consumers to develop good health in different spheres which include emotional and affective development, motor skills, behavior, and social skills, cognitive functioning, and quality of life. This is done through the use of music experiences such as singing, free improvisation, listening to and discussing music, songwriting, and moving to music to accomplish treatment objectives and goals. The Music Therapists render their services in various settings which include day centers, hospitals, the community, special schools, local education authorities the prison service, or the Department of Social Services. However, there are some trusts, charity organizations and other such institutions which fund the use of therapies. Yet, in every work setting, the function of a music therapist is to perform as a faction of the multi-disciplinary team, and the observations made by them serve the purpose of understanding the needs and problems of their client.

Magical Healthy Goodies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Magical Healthy Goodies - Essay Example She plans to receive orders and preferences regarding goods through wall postings and messages. The products will be delivered two days after the order is posted on Facebook. The proposed business is in its start up phase. At this stage the aim of the business is to earn as much profits as possible to finance the initial set up of the business. Another objective of the business is to create awareness about its existence and get many customers. She cannot afford to use expensive methods of advertising her products. The business also aims to establish a reputation of always delivering goods on time and a reputation of selling good quality and healthy goods. The business cannot afford to pay the salary of too many employees. Ms Fatmah Hemdan has decided to appoint Ms. Alyaa Mohamed as her personal assistant and she would look after the entire business management. The business activity is a home-based business, named as Magical Healthy Goddies. Products offered are healthy and low calorie products like Cookies, Pastries and cakes. Customization of products is also intended to be available according to the needs and demands of the customers. Ms Fatmah Hemdan has decided to use the social networking site, Facebook for marketing her goods. This hardly involves any expenditure and will help her to get her initial set of customers. After her goods become popular she can expect to get more customers through ‘word of mouth’ publicity. This company is a sole proprietorship. The main stakeholder in this company is the owner herself. Ms Fatmaha has to be careful to avoid undercapitalization and has to ensure that the business has sufficient working capital. Ms Fatmah may take a loan from the bank to meet the initial start up and operating expenses. Banks may not lend seed capital and she might have to borrow from her close relatives. Therefore the stakeholders in the company would be